AMERICAN ARTISTS ABOUND

Several excellent paintings by American artists are part of the permanent collection at the Toledo Art Museum.

Princess Demidoff  (1895-1896) by John Singer Sargent

John Singer Sargent was born in Florence, Italy to American parents.  He became known for his elegant and glamorous paintings of the rich and famous in the late 19th century.

Near the beach, Shinnecock (1895) by William Merritt Chase

The Open Air Breakfast (1888) by William Merritt Chase

William Merritt Chase was one of many American-born artists who traveled to Europe to study. In addition to his painting, Chase became an esteemed art teacher. Chase was the most important teacher of American artists around the turn of the 20th century.

The Bridge, Blackwell's Island (1909) by George Bellows

I introduced you to George Bellows in my blog post about American artists at the Art Institute of Chicago.  I particularly like this painting since I just visited New York City last month and saw this bridge.

The Flying Horses (1901) by Maurice Prendergast

Maurice Prendergast often made paintings from the many sketches he drew of the colorful scenes of people enjoying themselves at the beach or park near Boston.  He had studied in Paris during the late 19th century; he embraced many of the same qualities as Manet, Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, Bonnard, Vuillard and Cézanne.

Movies (1913) by John Sloan

John Sloan was one of several New York-based artists (George Bellows was part of this group) who created an American style of painting showing gritty, urban scenes. However, Sloan and his peers found beauty in these ordinary realities of city life.

Rainy Day, Boston (1885) by Childe Hassam

Summer Sea, Isle of Shoals (1902) by Childe Hassam

Frederick Childe Hassam was an American Impressionist painter noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in introducing Impressionism to America. Hassam, along with Twachtman, studied in Paris in the 1880s, Impressionism's most important time.  Returning to America in the 1890s Hassam, Twachtman and eight other painters formed a group known as The Ten; The Ten were basically an American version of the French Impressionists: revolting against the restrictive, accepted academic style of painting.

Sunlight on the Coast (1890) by Winslow Homer

Winslow Homer was an American painter originally from Boston who moved to Maine in 1883.  He established a seaside studio and became well-known for his monumental sea scenes.

Crepuscule in Opal, Trouville (1865) by James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Though born in Massachusetts, Whistler (most famous for Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, the official name of the portrait Whistler's Mother) spent most of his career in Europe. Finding a parallel between painting and music, Whistler titled many of his paintings arrangements, harmonies or nocturnes.

I will do one more blog post on this museum to show the last few masterpieces from my visit to this museum.

For more information visit: http://www.toledomuseum.org/.

Toledo Art Museum

2445 Monroe Street

Toledo, OH   43620

Phone: 419.255.6000

For directions: click here.

• Admission is FREE every day for all visitors.
• There may be a charge for special exhibitions.
• Closed Mondays.
• Closed January 1, July 4, Thanksgiving, Christmas Day.
• Open 10:00-4:00 on Tuesday-Thursday.
• Open 10:00-10:00 on Friday.
• Open 10:00-6:00 on Saturday.
• Open 12:00-6:00 on Sunday.

NOTE: All photos of the paintings in this blog post were taken by me on my visit to the Toledo Art Museum in May, 2012.

THE AMERICAN ARTISTS

It's not just about European painters...

I also love American painters and the Art Institute of Chicago has a superb collection of paintings by some of the most famous American painters.

The Art Institute has one of the most iconic paintings ever...

American Gothic (1930) by Grant Wood

Grant Wood adopted the precise realism of 15th-century northern European artists, but his native Iowa provided the artist with his subject matter. American Gothic depicts a farmer and his spinster daughter posing before their house, whose gabled window and tracery, in the American gothic style, inspired the painting's title. In fact, the models were the painter's sister and their dentist.

Here's another painting known throughout the art world...

Nighthawks (1942) by Edward Hopper

Edward Hopper said that Nighthawks was inspired by "a restaurant on New York's Greenwich Avenue where two streets meet," but the image, with its carefully constructed composition and lack of narrative, has a timeless quality that transcends its particular locale. One of the best-known images of 20th-century art, the painting depicts an all-night diner in which three customers, all lost in their own thoughts, have congregated. Fluorescent lights had just come into use in the early 1940s, and the all-night diner emits an eerie glow, like a beacon on the dark street corner. Hopper eliminated any reference to an entrance, and the viewer, drawn to the light, is shut out from the scene by a seamless wedge of glass. The four anonymous and uncommunicative night owls seem as separate and remote from the viewer as they are from one another.

George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925) actually taught at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1919.  Bellows' later works are the triumphs of American realism.

The Palisades (1909) by George Bellows

Love of Winter (1914) by George Bellows

Gifford Beal’s early work was extremely popular in both subject matter and in method: sparkling color and light carried by quick impressionist brushstrokes. Gradually, he moved away from the impressionist style and adopted a broadly realistic style.  Muted tones, strong, thick brushstrokes, and simplified compositions characterize his works such as this one:

The Puff of Smoke (1912) by Gifford Beal

During the 1890s the area surrounding his Greenwich, Connecticut home became John Henry Twachtman's main subject matter.  Influenced by Impressionism he was often compared with Claude Monet and James McNeill Whistler.  The painting below depicts Horseneck Brook on Twachtman's Connecticut property.  Like a Monet series, Twachtman painted the bridge six different times; each time its shape is slightly different in each work.

The White Bridge (1895) by John Henry Twachtman

Like George Wesley Bellows, Twachtman loved painting scenes of winter.

Icebound (1889) by John Henry Twachtman

 

John Singer Sargent was the most successive portrait painter of his era.  In the early 1880s Sargent regularly exhibited portraits at the Paris Salon, and these were mostly full-length portrayals of women.  Sargent's best portraits reveal the individuality and personality of the sitters; his most ardent admirers think he is matched in this only by Velázquez, who was one of Sargent's great influences.

Mrs. George Swinton (1897) by John Singer Sargent

The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy (1907) by John Singer Sargent

I also like the colors and the subjects in the painting below.  John Sloan often painted the leisure activities of working class women and the social changes of the 20th century.

Renganeschi's Saturday Night (1912) by John Sloan

This painting by William Glackens is one of my favorites painting in the Art Institute. I love the use of such vivid colors. You can see how Glackens became influenced by Renoir in this painting. It really reminds me of Renoir's famous Bal du Moulin de la Galette. Glackens was known in some circles as the "American Renoir".

Mouquin's (1905) by William Glackens

Of course I can't forget the female American painters.  In the early part of the 20th century, Elizabeth Sparhawk-Jones was a well-known, heralded female painter; the New York Times anointed her “the find of the year” in 1908.  However, due to her struggles with mental illness, she disappeared from the art scene.  Twenty years later she re-emerged with an original style that sparked a second success as a painter.  However, I love this early work of hers depicting the female employees assisting customers in the new concept of the "department store".

Shoe Shop (1911) by Elizabeth Sparhawk-Jones

And finally there is the most famous female American Impressionist painter, Mary Cassatt.  Mary Cassatt first became acquainted with Edgar Degas and eventually participated in exhibitions with other famous French Impressionists.

On a Balcony (1878) by Mary Cassatt

Many of Cassatt's works emphasized the bond between Mother and Child...

The Child's Bath (1893) by Mary Cassatt

Summertime (1894) by Mary Cassatt

I have shown you just a handful of the works by American painters that hang in the Art Institute of Chicago.  Over 1,000 paintings and sculptures from the 18th century to the 1950s are part of the permanent collection.  The paintings in this post along with the paintings I showed you in the previous two posts proves the Art Institute of Chicago is a world-class art museum.

• Admission for adults is $18.00**
• Admission for Students and Seniors is $12.00.
• Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s days.
• Open Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday 10:30-5:00.
• Open Thursday 10:30-8:00.
• Open Friday, Saturday, Sunday 10:30-5:00.
• Free Family Wednesdays: Admission to the Art Institute of Chicago is free to Illinois residents the first and second Wednesday of every month. 

** Chicago residents receive a $2 discount on admission in recognition of the significant support given to the museum through local property taxes. A valid photo ID with a resident address is required.

For more information, visit: http://www.artic.edu/.