DUTCH PAINTINGS AT THE TOLEDO ART MUSEUM

After my Netherlands trip two years ago I really became enamored with paintings by the Dutch and Flemish Masters.  The Toledo Art Museum has many excellent works by the artists of the Dutch Golden Age in their permanent collection.

Van Campen Family Portrait in a Landscape (1620s) by Frans Hals

Along with Rembrandt and Vermeer, Frans Hals was one of the Netherlands' 17th-century Dutch Masters.  This painting is one of Hals' earliest examples of group family portraiture. A year or two after completing the portrait, for some unknown reason, another painter was asked to add the figure of the child in the lower left corner; the style is noticeably different from that of Hals.

Young Man with Plumed Hat (1631) by Rembrandt van Rijn

Rembrandt painted many exotically clothed character studies which he used to display his skill at depicting textures and light effects.

The Happy Child (1645-1650) by Carel Fabritius

Carel Fabritius is often considered Rembrandt's most gifted student.  Tragically he died in 1654 at the age of only 32 at the height of his career in the massive explosion of the Delft gunpowder factory.  Many of Fabritius' paintings were also destroyed in the explosion.

Allegory of Vanity (1633) by Jan Miense Molenaer

Haarlem artist Jan Miense Molenaer was one of the leading painters of genre scenes, scenes of everyday life, in the first half of the 17th century.  He was also the husband of Judith Leyster, a female artist who I have previously written about.

Peasants before an Inn (1650s) by Jan Steen

 

Like Molenaer, Jan Steen was a master of the genre scene; however, Steen became known for his boisterous scenes full of humorous anecdotes that often carried messages warning of foolish behavior.

Courtyard, Delft (1650s) by Pieter de Hooch

Like his fellow Delft painter Johannes Vermeer, Pieter de Hooch specialized in quiet scenes of Dutch domestic life especially courtyards at the back of upper middle class homes.  This painting may be de Hooch's earliest example of the subject.

Landscape with Cattle (1660s) by Salomon van Ruysdael

Salomon van Ruysdael was called De Goyer until he and his brother Isaack changed their name to Ruysdael, after the castle near their father's birthplace.  He was known for his landscapes and river scenes.

The Water Mill (1664) by Meyndert Hobbema

Meyndert Hobbema was a student of Jacob van Ruisdael (Jacob's uncle was Salomon, but Jacob spelled Ruisdael with an "i" instead of the "y".)  Hobbema specialized in forest landscapes.

Still Life with Oysters (1642) by Pieter Claesz

Pieter Claesz was one of the pioneers of a type of Dutch still life known as the "breakfast piece" which featured simple meals painted in tones of gray and brown.

Winter Scene on a Canal (1615) by Hendrick Avercamp

Hendrick Avercamp was known as the "Mute of Kampen" due to his deafness.  He was one of the first Dutch artists to specialize in winter scenes.

Supper at Emmaus (1616) by Hendrick Terbrugghen

According to the Gospel of St. Luke, after the death of Christ, two of his disciples traveling down the road to Emmaus met a stranger and invited him to join them.  At supper the stranger blessed the bread and broke it to give to the disciples.  Immediately the disciples saw the stranger was Christ risen from the dead.  After spending ten years painting in Italy Terbrugghen brought back to his native Utrecht a style with dramatic contrasts of light and shade influenced by Caravaggio.

Portrait of a Man (1630) by Anthony van Dyck

By the time he reached his twenties and after years of working as an assistant to Peter Paul Rubens, van Dyck was sought after by distinguished patrons in Britain, Italy and southern Netherlands due to the easy grace, aristocratic reserve and elegance that he imparted to his sitters.

The Crowning of St. Catherine (1631 or 1633) by Peter Paul Rubens

Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most sought-after artists during the 17th century.  Based primarily in Antwerp, Rubens was hailed as the "God of Painters".  He worked for most of the courts of Europe.

In the next post I'm going to show you my favorite American paintings plus other favorites.

For more information visit: http://www.toledomuseum.org/.

Toledo Art Museum

2445 Monroe Street

Toledo, OH   43620

Phone: 419.255.6000

For directions: click here.

• Admission is FREE every day for all visitors.
• There may be a charge for special exhibitions.
• Closed Mondays.
• Closed January 1, July 4, Thanksgiving, Christmas Day.
• Open 10:00-4:00 on Tuesday-Thursday.
• Open 10:00-10:00 on Friday.
• Open 10:00-6:00 on Saturday.
• Open 12:00-6:00 on Sunday.

NOTE: All photos of the paintings in this blog post were taken by me on my visit to the Toledo Art Museum in May, 2012.

AN APPRECIATION OF NEW ART

My love of art first began back in 2002 during my first visit to the Art Institute of Chicago for the exhibition: Van Gogh and Gauguin: Studio of the South.  I not only discovered the genius of van Gogh...

The Poet's Garden (1888)

The Drinkers (1890)

and Gauguin...

Polynesian Women with Children (1901)

but because of the extensive number of French Impressionist paintings in the museum's permanent collection, I was introduced to Monet...

Sandvika, Norway (1895)

Poppy Field: Giverny (1890-1891)

Cézanne...

The Bathers (1899)

The beauty of Renoir...

Two Sisters: On the Terrace (1881)

Near the Lake (1879)

and Pissarro...

Rabbit Warren at Pontoise, Snow (1879)

In 2006 I traveled to Paris and visited the Museé d'Orsay and the Museé Marmottan to see their wonderful collections of French Impressionist paintings.  However, during a visit to the just-reopened Museé de l'Orangerie, I discovered another painter whose paintings I really like: Modigliani and during a visit to the Art Institute, I discovered one of his wonderful paintings...

Jacques and Berthe Lipchitz (1916)

 

In 2008, I traveled to Rome to experience the food and test my, at that time, limited Italian vocabulary.  And, of course, there is the fabulous Italian art, so much of which is free to see because it is housed in many churches of Rome.  There are at least three churches where you can see masterpieces of Caravaggio...just walk right into the church and there they are! 

Unfortunately the Art Institute of Chicago has no Caravaggio pieces in its permanent collection.  However, during my most recent visit to the museum in late 2009 (I can't believe I haven't been there for over two years!!), one of his masterpieces was on loan from the National Gallery of Art in London.

Oops...didn't see that "No Photos" sign until after I took the picture!  What a masterpiece!

The Supper at Emmaus (1601):

"This is an extremely rare opportunity to view firsthand one of the most highly regarded paintings by one of the most influential Western artists of all time. There are very few paintings by Caravaggio in American museums, and none that can rival this painting in its immediate impact. The Supper at Emmaus, painted in 1601 for a Roman nobleman, comes from the outset of a new, mature phase of the master’s career in which he treated great religious subjects with uncompromising realism, while at the same time employing his trademark contrasts of light and dark to great dramatic effect. In this revelatory image, two of Christ’s disciples have just recognized that the stranger at their table is none other than Christ himself, reappearing to them after his death and Resurrection."

In 2010, I was finally able to travel to Amsterdam to visit both the Van Gogh Museum and the extensive collection of van Gogh paintings at the Kröller Müller Museum.  But I actually enjoyed seeing the Flemish masterpieces more than van Gogh's paintings and came to appreciate them more.  The Art Institute has several magnificent works by Peter Paul Rubens...

The Holy Family with Saints Elizabeth and John the Baptist (1615)

The Capture of Samson (1609/1610)

Another wonderful example of a Flemish masterpiece is this portrait by Frans Pourbus the Younger.  The frame is a masterpiece, too...

Marie de' Medici (1616)

From my initial visit to the Art Institute of Chicago to each of my European trips, each time I have discovered new artists and their works.  How fortunate I am that my hometown, world-class art museum has so many examples of their work!

But it's not just the works of the European painters that I admire.  On my next post I'm going to introduce you to some brilliant American painters whose works are part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.

• Admission for adults is $18.00**
• Admission for Students and Seniors is $12.00
• Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s days.
• Open Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday 10:30-5:00.
• Open Thursday 10:30-8:00.
• Open Friday, Saturday, Sunday 10:30-5:00.
• Free Family Wednesdays: Admission to the Art Institute of Chicago is free to Illinois residents the first and second Wednesday of every month.

** Chicago residents receive a $2 discount on admission in recognition of the significant support given to the museum through local property taxes. A valid photo ID with a resident address is required.

For more information, visit: http://www.artic.edu/.

ART IN SITU

Caravaggio. Bernini. Michelangelo. Rubens.

All world-renown artists. I have admired their works in the permanent collections of the major museums of Europe, but most paintings and sculptures are bought by the museum or donated by a patron. These works were not created for the specific purpose of hanging in the museum. However, are you aware these four artists painted and sculpted extraordinary works of art specifically for churches? The churches of Rome are a virtual cornucopia of art by these artists to be seen without the entry fees, queues or security checks.

Crazy for the chiaroscuro of Caravaggio? Plan a walk through Rome. Start in Piazza del Popolo. Stop in Santa Maria del Popolo to see his Crucifixion of St. Peter and The Conversion on the Way to Damascus in the Cerasi Chapel.

Crucifixion of Saint Peter (1600), Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

Conversion on the Way to Damascus (1601) Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

 

What art lover wouldn't love walking into a church to view Caravaggio masterpieces for free?

Afterwards, make your way down Via Ripetta to Via della Scrofa. This will lead you to the Basilica di Sant'Agostino to see his Madonna of Loreto...

Madonna of Loreto, Basilica de Sant'Agostino, Rome. © Wikipedia

 

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography):

Leave this church, walk back down Via della Scrofa. Just down the street in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in the Contarelli Chapel, you will see three of his most famous paintings:

The Calling of St Matthew, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography): 

The Martyrdom of St Matthew, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography):

The Martyrdom of St Matthew, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography):

TIP:  Keep €1.00 and €.50 coins in your pocket specifically for those light boxes.  In some cases, it's essential to "light" the art work in order to properly see it.  It will be a few well-spent Euros. 

Besotted by Bernini?  You've taken the obligatory photos of the Spanish Steps and filled your water bottle in the boat-shaped Fontana della Barcaccia. 

Fontana della Barcaccia (said to be designed by Bernini's father, Pietro)

in front of the Spanish Steps in Rome.  Don't be afraid to drink the water!

TIP:  Don't be afraid to drink the water from this fountain or the Signor Nasosi (the "big nose" water faucets in the streets and piazzas). All of Rome’s fountains are aqueduct-powered. It is completely safe to fill your water bottle directly from the faucets--it's probably safer than what you drink at home!

From the Spanish Steps walk south on Via Propaganda. At the intersection of Via di Capo le Case you will see the church of Sant'Andrea delle Fratte.  Inside, on either side of the altar, are two angels sculpted by Bernini in 1668 and 1669 that were originally intended to decorate the Ponte Sant'Angelo, but Pope Clement IX opposed the project, feeling the statues too important to be left exposed to the elements, so they remained in the artist's studio and were eventually donated to the church by Bernini's nephew. Like the ones on the bridge, these angels carry symbols of the Passion: the Scroll and the Crown of Thorns.
Angel with the Scroll, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Rome © tesoridiroma.net

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography):

Angel with the Crown of Thorns, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

 My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography):

All guidebooks describe in length Bernini's masterpiece, The Ecstasy of St. Theresa which is located in Santa Maria della Vittoria. And they're correct in stating that this piece of art should not be missed. The entire chapel is gorgeous.

The church gained even more popularity after it was mentioned in the bestselling novel Angels & Demons (although in the book, the church is located a couple of blocks away from its actual location.)

Bernini's The Ecstasy of St. Theresa, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome.

But few guidebooks mention Bernini's other "Ecstasy" sculpture, Beata Ludovica Albertoni, located in the Trastevere area.  San Francesco a Ripa is a small church situated at the end of Via di San Francesco a Ripa, east of Viale di Trastevere.

Beata Ludovica Albertoni, San Francesco a Ripa, Rome © Wikipedia

TIP: In general, only the major churches in Rome are open between the hours of 13:00 and 16:00 (remember Europeans use the 24-hour clock), but do stay open until 18:00 or 19:00. Plan accordingly!

Mad for Michelangelo?  OK, after a pleasant lunch dining al fresco in Piazza della Rotonda (I wanted to pinch myself as I thought, "I'm in Rome, sitting here eating a melt-in-your-mouth plate of spaghetti and the actual Pantheon is in front of me!), walk around to the left of Pantheon.

I'm eating lunch in Rome, looking right at the Pantheon. Am I dreaming?

In the small Piazza della Minerva is Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome's only Gothic-style church (a bit of change from all the Baroque). In this church to the left of the altar is a statue by Michelangelo, Christ Bearing the Cross. Originally Christ was naked, but later the prudish Counter-Reformation censors added the bronze girdle.

Don't miss the little-known sculpture by Bernini on the fifth pier from the entrance, Monument to Maria Raggi.

Monument to Maria Raggi, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome

More marble by Michelangelo?  After eating the breakfast that is included with your room at my preferred accommodation in Rome, the Hotel Aberdeen, catch Bus #84 at the Reppublica Stop (Direction: Piazza Venezia/Campidoglio) for 5 stops to the Cavour/Annabaldi bus stop. Exiting the bus, cross the street and walk up a set of unfortunately steep stairs.  At the top of the stairs will be San Pietro in Vincoli, a small basilica famous for housing Michelangelo's statue of Moses.

The tomb of Pope Julius II, featuring Moses by Michelangelo in San Pietro in Vincolo, Rome.

In 1505, Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to build his tomb, a huge mausoleum for St. Peter's Basilica.  Moses was to be one of the 40 statues encompassing the huge monument.  Michelangelo traveled to Carrara, selecting 100 tons of marble for the project.  However, progress on the project was halted over the years for many reasons: Discord between Pope and artist; Michelangelo was also busy painting some famous ceiling down the road; then Julius II died. For over 30 years Michelangelo worked on the tomb. The only statues Michelangelo actually completed himself are the Moses, Jacob’s wives Rachel (left), and Leah (right).

Want to relish a Rubens in Rome? This morning after breakfast at Hotel Aberdeen, walk down to Via Nazionale. Catch Bus #64 to the Chiesa Nuovo bus stop.

TIP: www.atac.roma.it is the Rome bus website. Type in your bus route number in the "Find Your Bus" space and you'll get a map showing the bus route. Bus routes #40 and #64 travel to the historic center and St. Peter's Square and you can easily catch either from Via Nazionale near Hotel Aberdeen. Want to explore the streets of Trastevere? Catch Bus H from near the Termini Station.  And the cost is so cheap! One ticket costs €1.00 and lasts for 75 minutes. AND DON'T FORGET TO VALIDATE YOUR TICKETS! 

TIP: Every guidebook warns about pickpockets. I have traveled to Europe three times and ridden dozens of buses and Metro trains. I've traveled with my sister, and we are both aged 50+. I've never come close to becoming a victim of a crime. Maybe it's because I work in a major U.S. city and know how to travel without inviting someone's hand into my bag. A few suggestions from me: DON'T carry a bag that doesn't have a zipper--keep the zipper closed and in front of you. If your bag doesn't have a zipper, carry the bag so the flap is facing you; DON'T set your bag on another chair or hang it behind your chair while you're eating--put in on the ground under the table or between your feet; DON'T carry a lot of cash with you--take what you need and leave the remainder in your hotel room (choose to use a moneybelt if you want--I don't.); DON'T engage in conversation with anyone who is trying to sell you something or seems shady--say no and walk away or better yet, just ignore them; DON'T wander into areas that don't seem safe especially if you're traveling solo--exploring the backstreets is one thing, but be sensible about it; If you are approached by a robber asking for your wallet or purse, DON'T hand it to him--DO toss it away from you. Chances are the robber is more interested in your money than you and he will go for it, not you. Then run like hell in the other direction; DON'T yell "Help"--rescuers may be frightened away; DO yell "Fire"--it tends to draw a crowd (But DON'T yell it in a crowded indoor place!); DO pay attention to your surroundings--it's so easy to be become distracted gaping at the wonders of Europe; DO research before you travel--knowing what you're doing and where you are going will help you not look like a totally confused tourist or become a victim of crime. You don't want something bad to ruin your trip.

Exiting Bus #64 pickpocket-free, head over to Santa Maria in Vallicella, also known as Chiesa Nuova. You'll know you've reached the church when you see the small fountain that resembles a tureen.

Inside over the main altar are three early paintings by Peter Paul Rubens: Madonna and Child Adored by Angels in the center; St. Domitilla with St. Nereus and St. Achilleus to the left and St. Gregory the Great with St. Maurua and St. Papia to the right.

Madonna and Child Adored by Angels, Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome © Web Gallery of Art

St. Domitilla with St. Nereus and St. Achilleus, Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome © Wikipedia

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St. Gregory the Great with St. Maurua and St. Papia, Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome © web.tiscali.it

My photo (sorry for the poor quality; I was just learning church photography); however, you can see the three Rubens paintings left, center and right.

I've described nine different churches in this blog post, but there are hundreds of other beautifully decorated places of worship in Rome which contain paintings and sculptures by men whose talents made Rome the spectacular city it is today. There are over 300 churches in the historic area of Rome, so get out there. Don't just concentrate on the "biggies". Some of the most beautiful churches in Rome aren't even listed in a guidebook.

Thank you for visiting,

A Great Europe Trip Planner